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2:1 hdmi/dvi switch with equalization preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra information furnished by analog devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by analog devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. specifications subject to change without notice. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of analog devices. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. one technology way, p.o. box 9106, norwood, ma 02062-9106, u.s.a. tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com fax: 781.461.3113 ?2006 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. features two inputs, one output hdmi?/dvi links enables hdmi 1.3-compliant receiver pin-to-pin compatible with the ad8190 four tmds channels per link supports 250 mbps to 2.25 gbps data rates supports 25 mhz to 225 mhz pixel clocks equalized inputs for operatio n with long hdmi cables (20 meters at 2.25gbps) fully buffered unidirectional inputs/outputs globally switchable 50 on-chip terminations pre-emphasized outputs low added jitter single-supply operation (3.3 v) four auxiliary channels per link bidirectional unbuffered inputs/outputs flexible supply operation (3.3 v to 5 v) hdcp standard compatible allows switching of ddc bus and two additional signals output disable feature reduced power dissipation output termination removal two ad8196s support hdmi/dvi dual-link standards compliant: hdmi receiver, hdcp, dvi serial (i 2 c slave) control interface 56-lead, 8 mm x 8 mm, lfcsp, pb-free package applications multiple input displays projectors a/v receivers set-top boxes advanced television (hdtv) sets functional block diagram figure 1. typical application figure 2. typical ad8196 application for hdtv sets general description the ad8196 is an hdmi/dvi switch featuring equalized tmds inputs and pre-emphasized tmds outputs, ideal for systems with long cable runs. outputs can be set to a high impedance state to reduce the power dissipation and/or allow the construction of larger arrays using the wire-or technique. the ad8196 is provided in a space saving, 56-lead, lfcsp, surface-mount, pb-free, plasti c package and is specified to operate over the ?40c to +85c temperature range. product highlights 1. supports data rates up to 2.25 gbps, enabling greater than 1080p hdmi formats with deep color, and uxga (1600 1200) dvi resolutions. 2. input cable equalizer enables use of long cables at the input (more than 20 meters of 24 awg cable at 2.25gbps). 3. auxiliary switch allows routing of the ddc bus and two additional single-ended signals for a single chip, hdmi 1.3 receive-compliant solution.
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 2 of 24 table of contents features .............................................................................................. 1 applications ....................................................................................... 1 functional block diagram .............................................................. 1 typical application ........................................................................... 1 general description ......................................................................... 1 product highlights ........................................................................... 1 specifications ..................................................................................... 3 absolute maximum ratings ............................................................ 5 thermal resistance ...................................................................... 5 maximum power dissipation ..................................................... 5 esd caution .................................................................................. 5 pin configuration and function descriptions ............................. 6 typical performance characteristics ............................................. 8 theory of operation ...................................................................... 12 introduction ................................................................................ 12 input channels ............................................................................ 12 output channels ........................................................................ 12 switching mode .......................................................................... 13 auxiliary lines switching .......................................................... 13 serial control interface ................................................................. 14 reset ............................................................................................. 14 wr ite pro cedure .......................................................................... 14 read procedure ........................................................................... 15 switching/update delay ............................................................ 15 configuration registers ................................................................. 16 high speed device modes register ......................................... 16 auxiliary device modes register ............................................. 16 receiver settings register ......................................................... 17 input termination pulse register ............................................ 17 receive equalizer register ........................................................ 17 transmitter settings register .................................................... 17 application notes ........................................................................... 18 pinout ........................................................................................... 18 cable lengths and equalization ............................................... 19 the ad8196 as a single-channel buffer ................................ 19 pcb layout guidelines .............................................................. 19 outline dimensions ....................................................................... 23 ordering guide .......................................................................... 23
preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra | page 3 of 24 specifications t a = 27c, avcc = 3.3 v, vtti = 3.3 v, vtto = 3.3 v, dvcc = 3.3 v, amuxvcc = 5 v, avee = 0 v, dvee = 0 v, differential input swin g = 1000 mv, tmds outputs terminated with external 50 resistors to 3.3 v, unless otherwise noted. table 1. parameter conditions/comments min typ max unit dynamic performance maximum data rate (dr) per channel nrz 2.25 gbps bit error rate (ber) prbs 2 23 ? 1 10 ?9 added deterministic jitter dr 2.25 gbps, prbs 2 23 ? 1 tbd ps (p-p) added random jitter tbd ps (rms) differential intrapair sk ew at output tbd ps differential interpair skew 1 at output tbd ps equalization performance receiver (highest setting) 2 boost frequency = 825 mhz 12 db transmitter (highest setting) 3 boost frequency = 825 mhz 6 db input characteristics input voltage swing differential 150 1200 mv input common-mode voltage (v icm ) avcc ? 800 avcc mv output characteristics high voltage level single-ended high speed channel avcc ? 10 avcc + 10 mv low voltage level single-ended high speed channel avcc ? 600 avcc ? 400 mv rise/fall time (20% to 80%) 75 135 200 ps input termination resistance single-ended 50 auxiliary channels on resistance, r aux 100 on capacitance, c aux dc bias = 2.5 v, ac voltage = 3.5 v, f = 100 khz 8 pf input/output voltage range dvee amuxvcc v power supply avcc operating range 3 3.3 3.6 v quiescent current avcc outputs disabled 30 40 45 ma outputs enabled, no pre-emphasis 53 60 66 ma outputs enabled, maximum pre-emphasis 98 108 120 ma vtti input termination on 4 5 40 54 ma vtto output termination on, no pre-emphasis 36 40 44 ma output termination on, maximum pre-emphasis 73 80 88 ma dvcc 4 7 10 ma amuxvcc 0.01 0.1 ma power dissipation outputs disabled 115 271 364 mw outputs enabled, no pre-emphasis 411 574 664 mw outputs enabled, maximum pre-emphasis 754 936 1057 mw timing characteristics switching/update delay high speed switching register: hs_ch 200 ms all other configuration registers 1.5 s reset pulse width 50 ns
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 4 of 24 parameter conditions/comments min typ max unit serial control interface 5 input high voltage, v ih 2 v input low voltage, v il 0.8 v output high voltage, v oh 2.4 v output low voltage, v ol 0.4 v 1 differential interpair skew is measured between the tmds pairs of a single link. 2 ad8196 output meets the transmitte r eye diagram as defined in the dvi standard revision 1.0 and the hdmi standard revision 1.3 . 3 cable output meets the receiver eye diagram mask as defined in the dvi standard revision 1.0 and the hdmi standard revision 1. 3. 4 typical value assumes only the selected hdmi/dvi link is active with nominal signal swings and that the unselected hdmi/dvi li nk is deactivated. minimum and maximum limits are measured at the respec tive extremes of input termination resistance and input voltage swing. 5 the ad8196 is an i 2 c slave and its serial control interface is based on the 3.3 v i 2 c bus specification.
preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra | page 5 of 24 absolute maximum ratings table 2. parameter rating avcc to avee 3.7 v dvcc to dvee 3.7 v dvee to avee 0.3 v vtti avcc + 0.6 v vtto avcc + 0.6 v amuxvcc 5.5 v internal power dissipation 4.62 w high speed input voltage avcc ? 1.4 v < v in < avcc + 0.6 v high speed differential input voltage 2.0 v low speed input voltage dvee ? 0.3 v < v in < amuxvcc + 0.6 v i 2 c logic input voltage dvee ? 0.3 v < v in < dvcc + 0.6 v storage temperature range ?65c to +125c operating temperature range ?40c to +85c junction temperature 150c stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. thermal resistance ja is specified for the worst-case conditions: a device soldered in a 4-layer jedec circuit board for surface-mount packages. jc is specified for the exposed pad soldered to the circuit board with no airflow. table 3. thermal resistance package type ja jc unit 56-lead lfcsp 27 2.1 c/w maximum power dissipation the maximum power that can be safely dissipated by the ad8196 is limited by the associated rise in junction tempera- ture. the maximum safe junction temperature for plastic encapsulated devices is determined by the glass transition temperature of the plastic, approximately 150c. temporarily exceeding this limit may cause a shift in parametric performance due to a change in the stresses exerted on the die by the package. exceeding a junction temperature of 175c for an extended period can result in device failure. to ensure proper operation, it is necessary to observe the maximum power derating as determined by the coefficients in table 3 . esd caution esd (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. electros tatic charges as high as 4000 v readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge wi thout detection. although this product features proprietary esd protection circuitry, permanent dama ge may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. therefore, proper esd pr ecautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 6 of 24 pin configuration and fu nction descriptions notes 1. the ad8196 lfcsp has an exposed paddle (epad) on the underside of the package which aids in heat dissipation. the epad must be electrically connecte d to the avee supply plane in order to meet thermal specifications. figure 3. pin configuration table 4. pin function descriptions pin no. mnemonic type 1 description 1, 10, 33, 42 avcc power positive analog supply. 3.3 v nominal. 2 in_a0 hs i high speed input complement. 3 ip_a0 hs i high speed input. 4, 13, 30, 39, epad avee power negative analog supply. 0 v nominal. 5 in_a1 hs i high speed input complement. 6 ip_a1 hs i high speed input. 7, 36 vtti power input termination supply. nominally connected to avcc. 8 in_a2 hs i high speed input complement. 9 ip_a2 hs i high speed input. 11 in_a3 hs i high speed input complement. 12 ip_a3 hs i high speed input. 14 i2c_addr control i 2 c address lsb. 15, 21 dvcc power positive digital power supply. 3.3 v nominal. 16 on0 hs o high speed output complement. 17 op0 hs o high speed output. 18, 24 vtto power output termination supply. nominally connected to avcc. 19 on1 hs o high speed output complement. 20 op1 hs o high speed output. 22 on2 hs o high speed output complement. 23 op2 hs o high speed output. 25 on3 hs o high speed output complement. 26 op3 hs o high speed output. 27 a a reset e e ea control configuration registers reset. this pin is normally pulled up to dvcc. 28 i2c_scl control i 2 c clock. 29 i2c_sda control i 2 c data.
preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra | page 7 of 24 pin no. mnemonic type 1 description 31 in_b0 hs i high speed input complement. 32 ip_b0 hs i high speed input. 34 in_b1 hs i high speed input complement. 35 ip_b1 hs i high speed input. 37 in_b2 hs i high speed input complement. 38 ip_b2 hs i high speed input. 40 in_b3 hs i high speed input complement. 41 ip_b3 hs i high speed input. 43 aux_b3 ls i/o low speed input/output. 44 aux_b2 ls i/o low speed input/output. 45 aux_b1 ls i/o low speed input/output. 46 aux_b0 ls i/o low speed input/output. 47 amuxvcc power positive auxiliary switch supply. 5 v typical. 48 aux_com3 ls i/o low speed common input/output. 49 aux_com2 ls i/o low speed common input/output. 50 aux_com1 ls i/o low speed common input/output. 51 aux_com0 ls i/o low speed common input/output. 52 dvee power negative digital and auxiliary switch power supply. 0 v nominal. 53 aux_a3 ls i/o low speed input/output. 54 aux_a2 ls i/o low speed input/output. 55 aux_a1 ls i/o low speed input/output. 56 aux_a0 ls i/o low speed input/output. 1 hs = high speed, ls = low speed, i = input, o = output.
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 8 of 24 typical performance characteristics t a = 27c, avcc = 3.3 v, vtti = 3.3 v, vtto = 3.3 v, dvcc = 3.3 v, amuxvcc = 5 v, avee = 0 v, dvee = 0 v, differential input swin g = 1000 mv, tmds outputs terminated with external 50 resistors to 3.3 v, pattern = prbs 2 7 ? 1, data rate = 2.25 gbps, unless otherwise noted. figure 4. test circuit diagram for rx eye diagrams figure 5. rx eye diagram at tp2 (cable = 2 m, 30 awg) figure 6. rx eye diagram at tp2 (cable = 20 m, 24 awg) figure 7. rx eye diagram at tp3, eq = 6 db (cable = 2 m, 30 awg) figure 8. rx eye diagram at tp3, eq = 12 db (cable = 20 m, 24 awg)
preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra | page 9 of 24 t a = 27c, avcc = 3.3 v, vtti = 3.3 v, vtto = 3.3 v, dvcc = 3.3 v, amuxvcc = 5 v, avee = 0 v, dvee = 0 v, differential input swin g = 1000 mv, tmds outputs terminated with external 50 resistors to 3.3 v, pattern = prbs 2 7 ? 1, data rate = 2.25 gbps, unless otherwise noted. figure 9. test circuit diagram for tx eye diagram figure 10. tx eye diagram at tp2, pe = 2 db figure 11. tx eye diagram at tp2, pe = 6 db figure 12. tx eye diagram at tp3, pe = 2 db (cable = 2 m, 30 awg) figure 13. tx eye diagram at tp3, pe = 6 db (cable = 10 m, 28 awg)
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 10 of 24 t a = 27c, avcc = 3.3 v, vtti = 3.3 v, vtto = 3.3 v, dvcc = 3.3 v, amuxvcc = 5 v, avee = 0 v, dvee = 0 v, differential input swin g = 1000 mv, tmds outputs terminated with external 50 resistors to 3.3 v, pattern = prbs 2 7 ? 1, data rate = 2.25 gbps, unless otherwise noted. figure 14. jitter vs. input cable length (see figure 4 for test setup) figure 15. jitter vs. data rate figure 16. jitter vs. supply voltage figure 17. jitter vs. output cable length (see figure 9 for test setup) figure 18. eye height vs. data rate figure 19. eye height vs. supply voltage
preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra | page 11 of 24 t a = 27c, avcc = 3.3 v, vtti = 3.3 v, vtto = 3.3 v, dvcc = 3.3 v, amuxvcc = 5 v, avee = 0 v, dvee = 0 v, differential input swin g = 1000 mv, tmds outputs terminated with external 50 resistors to 3.3 v, pattern = prbs 2 7 ? 1, data rate = 2.25 gbps, unless otherwise noted. figure 20. jitter vs. differential input swing figure 21. jitter vs. temperature figure 22. rise and fall time vs. temperature figure 23. jitter vs. input common-mode voltage figure 24. differential input termination resistance vs. temperature
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 12 of 24 theory of operation introduction the ad8196 is a pin-to-pin hdmi 1.3 receive compliant replacement for the ad8190. the primary function of the ad8196 is to switch one of two (dvi or hdmi) single-link sources to one output. each hdmi/dvi link consists of four differential, high speed channels and four auxiliary single- ended, low speed control signals. the high speed channels include a data-word clock and three transition minimized differential signaling (tmds) data channels running at 10 the data-word clock frequency for data rates up to 2.25 gbps. the four low speed control signals are 5 v tolerant bidirectional lines that can carry configuration signals, hdcp encryption, and other information, depending upon the specific application. all four high speed tmds channels in a given link are identical; that is, the pixel clock can be run on any of the four tmds channels. transmit and receive channel compensation is provided for the high speed channels where the user can (manually) select among a number of fixed settings. the ad8196 has i 2 c serial programming with two user pro- grammable i 2 c slave addresses. the i 2 c slave address of the ad8196 is 0b100100x. the least significant bit, represented by x in the address, is set by tying the i2c_addr pin to either 3.3 v (for the value, x = 1) or to 0 v (for x = 0). input channels each high speed input differential pair terminates to the 3.3 v vtti power supply through a pair of single-ended 50 on-chip resistors, as shown in figure 25 . the input terminations can be optionally disconnected for approximately 100 ms following a source switch. the user can program which of the eight high speed input channels employs this feature by selectively programming the associated rx_pt bits in the input termination pulse register. additionally, all the input terminations can be disconnected by programming the rx_to bit in the receiver settings register. by default, the input termination is enabled. the input equalizer can be manually configured to provide two different levels of high frequency boost: 6 db or 12 db. the user can individually control the equalization level of the eight high speed input channels by selectively programming the associated rx_eq bits in the receive equalizer register. no specific cable length is suggested for a particular equalization setting because cable performance varies widely between manufacturers; however, in general, the equalization of the ad8196 can be set to 12 db without degrading the signal integrity, even for short input cables. at the 12 db setting, the ad8196 can equalize more than 20 meters of 24 awg cable at data rates of 2.25gbps. cable eq 50? 50 ? ip_xx in_xx avee v tti 06122-004 figure 25. high speed input simplified schematic output channels each high speed output differential pair is terminated to the 3.3 v vtto power supply through two single-ended 50 on-chip resistors (see figure 26 ). this output termination is user-selectable; all the output terminations can be turned on or off by programming the tx_pto bit of the transmitter settings register. v tto 50? 50? opx onx avee disable i out 0 6122-005 figure 26. high speed output simplified schematic the output termination resistors of the ad8196 back-terminate the output tmds transmission lines. these back-terminations, as recommended in the hdmi 1.3 specification, act to absorb reflections from impedance discontinuities on the output traces, improving the signal integrity of the output traces and adding flexibility to how the output traces can be routed. for example, interlayer vias can be used to route the ad8196 tmds outputs on multiple layers of the pcb without severely degrading the quality of the output signal. the ad8196 output has a disable feature that places the outputs in a tristate mode. this mode is enabled by programming the hs_en bit of the high speed device modes register. larger wire- ored arrays can be constructed using the ad8196 in this mode. the ad8196 requires output termination resistors when the high speed outputs are enabled. termination can be internal and/or external. the internal terminations of the ad8196 are enabled by programming the tx_pto bit of the transmitter settings register (the default upon reset). external terminations can be provided either by on-board resistors or by the input termination resistors of an hdmi/dvi receiver. if both the internal terminations are enabled and external terminations are present, set the output current level to 20 ma by programming
preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra | page 13 of 24 the tx_ocl bit of the transmitter settings register (the default upon reset). if only external terminations are provided (if the internal terminations are disabled), set the output current level to 10 ma by programming the tx_ocl bit of the transmitter settings register. the high speed outputs must be disabled if there are no output termination resistors present in the system. the output pre-emphasis can be manually configured to provide one of four different levels of high frequency boost. the specific boost level is selected by programming the tx_pe bits of the transmitter settings register. no specific cable length is suggested for a particular pre-emphasis setting because cable performance varies widely between manufacturers. switching mode the ad8196 behaves like a 2:1 hdmi/dvi link multiplexer by routing groups of four tmds input channels to the four channel output. in this mode, the user selects the group of high speed source signals (a or b) that is routed to the output by programming the hs_ch bit of the high speeds modes register as shown in table 7 . the group of low speed auxiliary source signals (aux_a or aux_b) that is routed to the common output is separately set by programming the aux_ch bit of the auxiliary device register as shown in table 9 . auxiliary lines switching the auxiliary (low speed) lines have no amplification. they are routed using a passive switch that is bandwidth compatible with standard speed i 2 c. the schematic equivalent for this passive connection is shown in figure 27 . aux_com0 aux_a0 ?c aux ?c aux r aux 06122-006 figure 27. auxiliary channel simplified schematic showing aux_a0 to aux_com0 routing when turning off the ad8196, care needs to be taken with the amuxvcc supply to ensure that the auxiliary multiplexer pins are in a high impedance state. a scenario that illustrates this requirement is one where the auxiliary multiplexer is used to switch the display data channel (ddc) bus. in some applica- tions, additional devices can be connected to the ddc bus (such as an eeprom with edid information) upstream of the ad8196. extended display identification data (edid) is a vesa standard-defined data format for conveying display configuration information to sources to optimize display use. edid devices may need to be available via the ddc bus, regardless of the state of the ad8196 and any downstream circuit. for this configuration, the auxiliary inputs of the powered down ad8196 need to be in a high impedance state to avoid pulling down on the ddc lines and preventing these other devices from using the bus. when the ad8196 is powered from a simple resistor network, as shown in figure 28 , it uses the 5 v supply that is required from any hdmi/dvi source to guarantee high impedance of the auxiliary multiplexer pins. the amuxvcc supply does not draw any static current; therefore, it is recommended that the resistor network tap the 5 v supplies as close to the connectors as possible to avoid any additional voltage drop. this precaution does not need to be taken if the ddc peripheral circuitry is connected to the bus downstream of the ad8196. figure 28. suggested amuxvcc power scheme
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 14 of 24 serial control interface reset on initial power-up, or at any point in operation, the ad8196 register set can be restored to the default values by pulling the reset pin to low according to the specification in table 1 . during normal operation, however, the reset pin must be pulled up to 3.3 v. pulling the reset pin to low sets the hs_ch register to 0 (input a) and incurs the associated switching delay before the input can be switched to input b, regardless of the previous state of the ad8196. write procedure to write data to the ad8196 register set, an i 2 c master (such as a microcontroller) needs to send the appropriate control signals to the ad8196 slave device. the signals are controlled by the i 2 c master unless otherwise specified. for a diagram of the procedure, see figure 29 . the steps for a write procedure are as follows: 1. send a start condition (while holding the i2c_scl line high, pull the i2c_sda line low). 2. send the ad8196 part address (seven bits). the upper six bits of the ad8196 part address are the static value [100100] and the lsb is set by input pin i2c_addr. this transfer should be msb first. 3. send the write indicator bit (0). 4. wait for the ad8196 to acknowledge the request. 5. send the register address (eight bits) to which data is to be written. this transfer should be msb first. 6. wait for the ad8196 to acknowledge the request. 7. send the data (eight bits) to be written to the register whose address was set in step 5. this transfer should be msb first. 8. wait for the ad8196 to acknowledge the request. 9. do one of the following: a. send a stop condition (while holding the i2c_scl line high, pull the i2c_sda line high) and release control of the bus to end the transaction (shown in figure 29 ). b. send a repeated start condition (while holding the i2c_scl line high, pull the i2c_sda line low) and continue with step 2 in this procedure to perform another write. c. send a repeated start condition (while holding the i2c_scl line high, pull the i2c_sda line low) and continue with step 2 of the read procedure (in the read procedure section) to perform a read from another address. d. send a repeated start condition (while holding the i2c_scl line high, pull the i2c_sda line low) and continue with step 8 of the read procedure (in the read procedure section) to perform a read from the same address set in step 5. r/w ack ack addr start fixed addr part register addr data stop ack 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 i2c_scl general case i2c_sda example i2c_sda 06122-008 *the switching/update delay begins at the falling edge of the last data bit; for example, the falling edge just before step 8. * figure 29. i 2 c write procedure
preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra | page 15 of 24 start fixed part addr register addr fixed part addr data stop ack addr ack r/w addr ack ack r/w sr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 i2c_scl general case i2c_sda example i2c_sda 06122-009 figure 30. i 2 c read procedure read procedure to read data from the ad8196 register set, an i 2 c master (such as a microcontroller) needs to send the appropriate control signals to the ad8196 slave device. the signals are controlled by the i 2 c master unless otherwise specified. for a diagram of the procedure, see figure 30 . the steps for a read procedure are as follows: 1. send a start condition (while holding the i2c_scl line high, pull the i2c_sda line low). 2. send the ad8196 part address (seven bits). the upper six bits of the ad8196 part address are the static value [100100] and the lsb is set by input pin i2c_addr. this transfer should be msb first. 3. send the write indicator bit (0). 4. wait for the ad8196 to acknowledge the request. 5. send the register address (eight bits) from which data is to be read. this transfer should be msb first. 6. wait for the ad8196 to acknowledge the request. 7. send a repeated start condition (sr) by holding the i2c_scl line high and pulling the i2c_sda line low. 8. resend the ad8196 part address (seven bits) from step 2. the upper six bits of the ad8196 part address compose the static value [100100]. the lsb is set by input pin i2c_addr. this transfer should be msb first. 9. send the read indicator bit (1). 10. wait for the ad8196 to acknowledge the request. 11. the ad8196 serially transfers the data (eight bits) held in the register indicated by the address set in step 5. this data is sent msb first. 12. acknowledge the data from the ad8196. 13. do one of the following: a. send a stop condition (while holding the i2c_scl line high, pull the sda line high) and release control of the bus to end the transaction (shown in figure 30 ). b. send a repeated start condition (while holding the i2c_scl line high, pull the i2c_sda line low) and continue with step 2 of the write procedure (see the previous wr ite pro cedure section) to perform a write. c. send a repeated start condition (while holding the i2c_scl line high, pull the i2c_sda line low) and continue with step 2 of this procedure to perform a read from another address. d. send a repeated start condition (while holding the i2c_scl line high, pull the i2c_sda line low) and continue with step 8 of this procedure to perform a read from the same address. switching/update delay there is a delay between when a user writes to the configura- tion registers of the ad8196 and when that state change takes physical effect. this update delay begins at the falling edge of i2c_scl for the last data bit transferred, as shown in figure 29 . this update delay is register specific and the times are specified in table 1 . during a delay window, new values can be written to the configuration registers but the ad8196 does not physically update until the end of that registers delay window. writing new values during the delay window does not reset the window; new values supersede the previously written values. at the end of the delay window, the ad8196 physically assumes the state indicated by the last set of values written to the configuration registers. if the configuration registers are written after the delay window ends, the ad8196 immediately updates and a new delay window begins.
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 16 of 24 configuration registers the serial interface configuration registers can be read and written using the i 2 c serial interface, pin i2c_sda, and pin i2c_scl. the lsb of the ad8196 i 2 c part address is set by tying pin i2c_addr to 3.3 v (i2c_addr = 1) or 0 v (i2c_addr = 0). table 5. register map name bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 addr. default high speed switch enable high speed source select high speed device modes hs_en hs_ch 0x00 0x40 auxiliary switch enable auxiliary switch source select auxiliary device modes aux_en aux_ch 0x01 0x40 high speed input termination select receiver settings rx_to 0x10 0x01 input termination pulse-on-source-switch select (disconnect termination for a short period of time) input termination pulse rx_pt[7] rx_pt[6] rx_pt[5] rx_pt[4] rx_pt[3] rx_pt[2] rx_pt[1] rx_pt [0] 0x11 0x00 input equalization level select receive equalizer rx_eq[7] rx_eq[6] rx_eq[5] rx_eq[4] rx_eq[3] rx_eq[2] rx_eq[1] rx_eq[0] 0x13 0x00 high speed output pre-emphasis level select high speed output termination select high speed output current level select transmitter settings tx_pe[1] tx_pe[0] tx_pto tx_ocl 0x20 0x03 high speed device modes register hs_en: high speed (tmds) switch enable bit table 6. hs_en description hs_en description 0 high speed channels off, low power/standby mode 1 high speed channels on hs_ch: high speed (tmds) source select bit table 7. hs_ch mapping hs_ch o[3:0] description 0 a[3:0] high speed source a switched to output 1 b[3:0] high speed source b switched to output auxiliary device modes register aux_en: auxiliary (low speed) switch enable bit table 8. aux_en description aux_en description 0 auxiliary switch off, no low speed input/output to low speed common input/output connection 1 auxiliary switch on aux_ch: auxiliary (low speed) switch source select bit table 9. aux_ch mapping aux_ch aux_com[3:0] description 0 aux_a[3:0] auxiliary source a switched to output 1 aux_b[3:0] auxiliary source b switched to output
preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra | page 17 of 24 receiver settings register rx_to: high speed (tmds) input termination on/off select bit table 10. rx_to description rx_to description 0 input termination off 1 input termination on (can be pulsed on and off when source is switched, according to settings in the input termination pulse register) input termination pulse register rx_pt[x]: high speed (tmds) input termination x pulse-on-source switch select bit table 11. rx_pt[x] description rx_pt[x] description 0 input termination for tmds channel x always connected when source is switched 1 input termination for tmds channel x disconnected for approximately 100 ms when source is switched table 12. rx_pt[x] mapping rx_pt[x] corresponding input tmds channel bit 0 a0 bit 1 a1 bit 2 a2 bit 3 a3 bit 4 b3 bit 5 b2 bit 6 b1 bit 7 b0 receive equalizer register rx_eq[x]: high speed (tmds) input x equalization level select bit table 13. rx_eq[x] description rx_eq[x] description 0 low equalization (6 db) 1 high equalization (12 db) table 14. rx_eq[x] mapping rx_eq[x] corresponding input tmds channel bit 0 a0 bit 1 a1 bit 2 a2 bit 3 a3 bit 4 b3 bit 5 b2 bit 6 b1 bit 7 b0 transmitter settings register tx_pe[1:0]: high speed (tmds) output pre-emphasis level select bus (all tmds channels) table 15. tx_pe[1:0] description tx_pe[1:0] description 00 no pre-emphasis (0 db) 01 low pre-emphasis (2 db) 10 medium pre-emphasis (4 db) 11 high pre-emphasis (6 db) x_pto: high speed (tmds) output termination on/off select bit (all channels) table 16. tx_pto description tx_pto description 0 output termination off 1 output termination on tx_ocl: high speed (tmds) output current level select bit (all channels) table 17. tx_ocl description tx_ocl description 0 output current set to 10 ma 1 output current set to 20 ma
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 18 of 24 application notes 0 6122-035 figure 31. evaluation board layout of the tmds traces the ad8196 is an hdmi/dvi switch featuring equalized tmds inputs and pre-emphasized tmds outputs. it is in- tended for use as a 2:1 switch in systems with long cable runs on both the input and/or the output, and is fully hdmi 1.3 receive compliant. pinout the ad8196 was designed to have an hdmi/dvi receiver pinout at its input and a transmitter pinout at its output. this makes the ad8196 ideal for use in avr-type applications where a designer routes both the inputs and the outputs directly to hdmi/dvi connectors as shown in figure 31 . when the ad8196 is used in receiver-type applications, it is necessary to change the ordering of the output pins on the pcb to match up with the on-board receiver. one advantage of the ad8196 in an avr-type application is that all of the high speed signals can be routed on one side (the topside) of the board, as shown in figure 31 . in addition to 12 db of input equalization, the ad8196 provides up to 6 db of output pre-emphasis that boosts the output tmds signals and allows the ad8196 to precompensate when driving long pcb traces or output cables. the net effect of the input equalization and output pre-emphasis of the ad8196 is that the ad8196 can compensate for the signal degradation of both input and output cables; it acts to reopen a closed input data eye and transmit a full-swing hdmi signal to an end receiver. more information on the specific performance metrics of the ad8196 can be found in the typical performance characteristics section. the ad8196 also provides a distinct advantage in receive-type applications because it is a fully buffered hdmi/dvi switch. although inverting the output pin order of the ad8196 on the pcb requires a designer to place vias in the high speed signal path, the ad8196 fully buffers and electrically decouples the outputs from the inputs. therefore, the effects of the vias placed on the output signal lines are not seen at the input of the ad8196. the programmable output terminations also improve signal quality at the output of the ad8196. the pcb designer, there- fore, has significantly improved flexibility in the placement and routing of the output signal path with the ad8196 over other solutions.
preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra | page 19 of 24 cable lengths and equalization the ad8196 offers two levels of programmable equalization for the high speed inputs: 6 db and 12 db. the equalizer of the ad8196 supports video data rates of up to 2.25 gbps, and as shown in figure 14 , it can equalize more than 20 meters of 24 awg hdmi cable at 2.25gbps, which corresponds to the video format, 1080p with deep color. the length of cable that can be used in a typical hdmi/dvi application depends on a large number of factors including: ? cable quality: the quality of the cable in terms of conductor wire gauge and shielding. thicker conductors have lower signal degradation per unit length. ? data rate: the data rate being sent over the cable. the signal degradation of hdmi cables increases with data rate. ? edge rates: the edge rates of the source input. slower input edges result in more significant data eye closure at the end of a cable. ? receiver sensitivity: the sensitivity of the terminating receiver. as such, specific cable types and lengths are not recommended for use with a particular equalizer setting. in nearly all applica- tions, the ad8196 equalization level can be set to high, or 12 db, for all input cable configurations at all data rates, without degrading the signal integrity. the ad8196 as a single-channel buffer the ad8196 can be used as a single-channel tmds buffer without the need for any external i 2 c control. in its default configuration, the ad8196 connects both the high speed and low speed channels of input a to their respective outputs, sets the input equalization level to 6 db, the output pre-emphasis level to 0 db, enables both the output and input terminations, and provides a fully functioning hdmi link with tmds buffering. the ad8196 enters this default state whenever the reset pin is pulled to low in accordance with the specification in tabl e 1 . pcb layout guidelines the ad8196 is used to switch two distinctly different types of signals, both of which are required for hdmi and dvi video. these signal groups require different treatment when laying out a pc board. the first group of signals carries the audiovisual (av) data. hdmi/dvi video signals are differential, unidirectional, and high speed (up to 2.25 gbps). the channels that carry the video data over the pcb must be controlled impedance, terminated at the receiver, and capable of operating at the maximum specified system data rate. it is especially important to note that the differential traces that carry the tmds signals should be designed with a controlled diff erential impedance of 100 . the ad8196 provides single-ended 50 terminations on-chip for both its inputs and outputs, and both the input and output terminations can be enabled or disabled through the serial interface. transmitter termination is not required by the hdmi 1.3 standard but its inclusion improves the overall system signal integrity. the audiovisual (av) data carried on these high speed channels is encoded by a technique called transition minimized differ- ential signaling (tmds) and in the case of hdmi, is also encrypted according to the high bandwidth digital copy protection (hdcp) standard. the second group of signals consists of low speed auxiliary control signals used for communication between a source and a sink. depending upon the application, these signals can include the ddc bus (this is an i 2 c bus used to send edid information and hdcp encryption keys between the source and the sink), the consumer electronics control (cec) line, and the hot plug detect (hpd) line. these auxiliary signals are bidirectional, low speed, and transferred over a single-ended transmission line that does not need to have controlled impedance. the primary concern with laying out the auxiliary lines is ensuring that they conform to the i 2 c bus standard and do not have excessive capacitive loading. tmds signals in the hdmi/dvi standard, four differential pairs carry the tmds signals. in dvi, three of these pairs are dedicated to carrying rgb video and sync data. for hdmi, audio data is interleaved with the video data; the dvi standard does not incorporate audio information. the fourth high speed differential pair is used for the av data-word clock, and runs at one-tenth the speed of the tmds data channels. the four high speed channels of the ad8196 are identical. no concession was made to lower the bandwidth of the fourth channel for the pixel clock, so any channel can be used for any tmds signal. the user chooses which signal is routed over which channel. additionally, the tmds channels are symmetrical; therefore, the p and n of a given differential pair are inter- changeable, provided the inversion is consistent across all inputs and outputs of the ad8196. however, the routing between inputs and outputs through the ad8196 is fixed. for example, output channel 0 always switches between input a0 and input b0, and so forth. the ad8196 buffers the tmds signals and the input traces can be considered electrically independent of the output traces. in most applications, the quality of the signal on the input tmds traces are more sensitive to the pcb layout. regardless of the data being carried on a specific tmds channel, or whether the tmds line is at the input or the output of the ad8196, all four high speed signals should be routed on a pcb in accordance with the same rf layout guidelines.
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 20 of 24 layout for the tmds signals the tmds differential pairs can either be microstrip traces, routed on the outer layer of a board, or stripline traces, routed on an internal layer of the board. if microstrip traces are used, there should be a continuous reference plane on the pcb layer directly below the traces. if stripline traces are used, they must be sandwiched between two continuous reference planes in the pcb stack-up. additionally, the p and n of each differential pair must have a controlled differential impedance of 100 . the characteristic impedance of a differential pair is a function of several variables including the trace width, the distance separating the two traces, the spacing between the traces and the reference plane, and the dielectric constant of the pc board binder material. interlayer vias introduce impedance discontinuities that can cause reflections and jitter on the signal path, therefore, it is preferable to route the tmds lines exclusively on one layer of the board, particularly for the input traces. additionally, to prevent unwanted signal coupling and interference, route the tmds signals away from other signals and noise sources on the pcb. both traces of a given differential pair must be equal in length to minimize intrapair skew. maintaining the physical symmetry of a differential pair is integral to ensuring its signal integrity; excessive intrapair skew can introduce jitter through duty cycle distortion (dcd). the p and n of a given differential pair should always be routed together in order to establish the required 100 differential impedance. enough space should be left between the differential pairs of a given group so that the n of one pair does not couple to the p of another pair. for example, one tech- nique is to make the interpair distance 4 to 10 times wider than the intrapair spacing. any one group of four tmds channels (input a, input b, or the output) should have closely matched trace lengths in order to minimize interpair skew. severe interpair skew can cause the data on the four different channels of a group to arrive out of alignment with one another. a good practice is to match the trace lengths for a given group of four channels to within 0.05 inches on fr4 material. minimizing intra- and interpair skew becomes increasingly important as data rates increase. any introduced error will constitute a correspondingly larger fraction of a bit period at higher data rates. while the ad8196 features input equalization and output pre- emphasis, the length of the tmds traces should be minimized to reduce overall system signal degradation. commonly used pc board material such as fr4 is lossy at high frequencies, so long traces on the circuit board increase signal attenuation, resulting in decreased signal swing and increased jitter through intersymbol interference (isi). controlling the characterist ic impedance of a tmds differential pair the characteristic impedance of a differential pair depends on a number of variables including the trace width, the distance between the two traces, the height of the dielectric material between the trace and the reference plane below it, and the dielectric constant of the pcb binder material. to a lesser extent, the characteristic impedance also depends upon the trace thickness and the presence of solder mask. there are many combinations that can produce the correct characteristic impedance. it is generally required to work with the pc board fabricator to obtain a set of parameters to produce the desired results. one consideration is how to guarantee a differential pair with a differential impedance of 100 over the entire length of the trace. one technique to accomplish this is to change the width of the traces in a differential pair based on how closely one trace is coupled to the other. when the two traces of a differential pair are close and strongly coupled, they should have a width that produces a 100 differential impedance. when the traces split apart to go into a connector, for example, and are no longer so strongly coupled, the width of the traces should be increased to yield a differential impedance of 100 in the new configuration. ground current return in some applications, it can be necessary to invert the output pin order of the ad8196. this requires a designer to route the tmds traces on multiple layers of the pcb. when routing differential pairs on multiple layers, it is necessary to also re- route the corresponding reference plane in order to provide one continuous ground current return path for the differential signals. an example of this is illustrated in figure 32 . figure 32. example routing of reference plane tmds terminations the ad8196 provides internal 50 single-ended terminations for all of its high speed inputs and outputs. it is not necessary to
preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra | page 21 of 24 include external termination resistors for the tmds differential pairs on the pcb. the output termination resistors of the ad8196 back-terminate the output tmds transmission lines. these back-terminations act to absorb reflections from impedance discontinuities on the output traces, improving the signal integrity of the output traces and adding flexibility to how the output traces can be routed. for example, interlayer vias can be used to route the ad8196 tmds outputs on multiple layers of the pcb without severely degrading the quality of the output signal. auxiliary control signals there are four single-ended control signals associated with each source or sink in an hdmi/dvi application. these are hot plug detect (hpd), consumer electronics control (cec), and two display data channel (ddc) lines. the two signals on the ddc bus are sda and scl (serial data and serial clock, respectively). these four signals can be switched through the auxiliary bus of the ad8196 and do not need to be routed with the same strict considerations as the high speed tmds signals. in general, it is sufficient to route each auxiliary signal as a single-ended trace. these signals are not sensitive to impedance discontinuities, do not require a reference plane, and can be routed on multiple layers of the pcb. however, it is best to follow strict layout practices whenever possible to prevent the pcb design from affecting the overall application. the specific routing of the hpd, cec, and ddc lines depends upon the application in which the ad8196 is being used. for example, the maximum speed of signals present on the auxiliary lines are 100 khz i 2 c data on the ddc lines, therefore, any layout that enables 100 khz i 2 c to be passed over the ddc bus should suffice. the hdmi 1.3 specification, however, places a strict 50 pf limit on the amount of capacitance that can be measured on either sda or scl at the hdmi input connector. this 50 pf limit includes the hdmi connector, the pcb, and whatever capacitance is seen at the input of the ad8196, or an equivalent receiver. there is a similar limit of 100 pf of input capacitance for the cec line. the parasitic capacitance of traces on a pcb increases with trace length. to help ensure that a design satisfies the hdmi specification, the length of the cec and ddc lines on the pcb should be made as short as possible. additionally, if there is a reference plane in the layer adjacent to the auxiliary traces in the pcb stackup, relieving or clearing out this reference plane immediately under the auxiliary traces significantly decreases the amount of parasitic trace capacitance. an example of the board stackup is shown in figure 33 . pcb dielectric layer 1: microstrip silkscreen silkscreen pcb dielectric pcb dielectric layer 2: reference plane layer 3: reference plane layer 4: microstrip w 3w 3w reference layer relieved underneath microstrip 06122-032 figure 33. example board stackup hpd is a dc signal presented by a sink to a source to indicate that the source edid is available for reading. the placement of this signal is not critical, but it should be routed as directly as possible. when the ad8196 is powered up, one set of the auxiliary inputs is passively routed to the outputs. in this state, the ad8196 looks like a 100 resistor between the selected auxiliary inputs and the corresponding outputs as illustrated in figure 27 . the ad8196 does not buffer the auxiliary signals, therefore, the input traces, output traces, and the connection through the ad8196 all must be considered wh en designing a pcb to meet hdmi/dvi specifications. the unselected auxiliary inputs of the ad8196 are placed into a high impedance mode when the device is powered up. to ensure that all of the auxiliary inputs of the ad8196 are in a high impedance mode when the device is powered off, it is necessary to power the amuxvcc supply as illustrated in figure 28 . in contrast to the auxiliary signals, the ad8196 buffers the tmds signals, allowing a pcb designer to layout the tmds inputs independently of the outputs.
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 22 of 24 power supplies the ad8196 has five separate power supplies referenced to two separate grounds. the supply/ground pairs are: ? avcc/avee ? vtti/avee ? vtto/avee ? dvcc/dvee ? amuxvcc/dvee the avcc/avee (3.3 v) and dvcc/dvee (3.3 v) supplies power the core of the ad8196. the vtti/avee supply (3.3 v) powers the input termination (see figure 25 ). similarly, the vtto/avee supply (3.3 v) powers the output termination (see figure 26 ). the amuxvcc/dvee supply (3.3 v to 5 v) powers the auxiliary multiplexer core and determines the maximum allowed voltage on the auxiliary lines. for example, if the ddc bus is using 5 v i 2 c, then amuxvcc should be connected to +5 v relative to dvee. in a typical application, all pins labeled avee or dvee should be connected directly to ground. all pins labeled avcc, dvcc, vtti, or vtto should be connected to 3.3 v, and pin amuxvcc tied to 5 v. the supplies can also be powered individually, but care must be taken to ensure that each stage of the ad8196 is powered correctly. power supply bypassing the ad8196 requires minimal supply bypassing. when powering the supplies individually, place a 0.01 f capacitor between each 3.3 v supply pin (avcc, dvcc, vtti, and vtto) and ground to filter out supply noise. generally, bypass capacitors should be placed near the power pins and should connect directly to the relevant supplies (without long inter- vening traces). for example, to improve the parasitic inductance of the power supply decoupling capacitors, minimize the trace length between capacitor landing pads and the vias as shown in figure 34 . extra added inductance 06122-033 recommended not recommended figure 34. recommended pad outline for bypass capacitors in applications where the ad8196 is powered by a single 3.3 v supply, it is recommended to use two reference supply planes and bypass the 3.3 v reference plane to the ground reference plane with one 220 pf, one 1000 pf, two 0.01 f, and one 4.7 f capacitors. the capacitors should via down directly to the supply planes and be placed within a few centimeters of the ad8196. the amuxvcc supply does not require additional bypassing. this scheme is illustrated in figure 35 . figure 35. example placement of power supply decoupling capacitors around the ad8196
preliminary data sheet ad8196 pra | page 23 of 24 outline dimensions compliant to jedec standards mo-220-vlld-2 021606-a pin 1 indicator top view 7.75 bsc sq 8.00 bsc sq 1 56 14 15 43 42 28 29 4.95 4.80 sq 4.65 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.23 0.18 0.50 bsc 0.20 ref 12 max 0.80 max 0.65 typ 1.00 0.85 0.80 6.50 ref seating plane 0.60 max 0.60 max pin 1 indicator coplanarity 0.08 0.05 max 0.02 nom 0.30 min exposed pad (bottom view) figure 36. 56-lead lead frame chip scale package [lfcsp_vq] 8 mm 8 mm body, very thin quad (cp-56-3) dimensions shown in millimeters ordering guide model temperature range package description package option ordering quantity ad8196acpz 1 ?40c to +85c 56-lead lead frame chip scale package [lfcsp_vq] cp-56-3 ad8196acpz-r7 ?40c to +85c 56-lead lead frame chip scale package [lfcsp_vq], reel cp-56-3 750 ad8196acpz-rl ?40c to +85c 56-lead lead frame chip scale package [lfcsp_vq], reel cp-56-3 2500 AD8196-EVAL evaluation kit 1 z = pb-free part.
ad8196 preliminary technical data pra | page 24 of 24 notes purchase of licensed i 2 c components of analog devices or one of its sublicensed associ ated companies conveys a license for the purchaser under the phil ips i 2 c patent rights to use these components in an i 2 c system, provided that the system conforms to the i 2 c standard specification as defined by philips . ?2006 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. pr06470-0-12/06(pra )

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